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History and War Studies
Course Catalog
106 Courses


COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI105 2026-1 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE History of the United States addresses the social, political, economic, foreign relations, and sectional developments of the nation from its colonial roots through the 21st century. The course consists of two blocks of instruction, each followed by a major examination. This course will help cadets know themselves and begin to develop strategic competence. The course also develops methods of historical research and analysis, critical thinking, lucid writing, and effective participation in classroom discussion.
2026 2
2027 1
2027 2
2028 1
2028 2
2029 1
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI108L 2026-1 RGNL STUD WORLD HIST - L. AMER 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE HI108X, Regional Studies in World History, is a detailed study of the development and critical events in the history of one of six regions, each with its own letter designation. As the stems are all a part of one course, cadets may not take multiple stems as electives. The focus on one region enables cadets to develop a deeper understanding of a different culture and unfamiliar ideas and concepts. The course also develops methods of historical research and analysis, critical thinking, lucid writing, and effective participation in classroom discussion. HI108L combines with HI105 or HI155 to form the plebe history sequence of the Core Academic Program. The Latin America stem (identifier L) challenges cadets to study how social, political, economic, technological, and military factors have influenced international and multicultural relations and how these relations have influenced the development of specific societies, polities, cultures, economies, technologies, military systems, and gender roles throughout Latin America.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI108R 2026-1 RGNL STUDY WORLD HIST - RUSSIA 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE HI108X, Regional Studies in World History, is a detailed study of the development and critical events in the history of one of six regions, each with its own letter designation. As the stems are all a part of one course, cadets may not take multiple stems as electives. The focus on one region enables cadets to develop a deeper understanding of a different culture and unfamiliar ideas and concepts. The course also develops methods of historical research and analysis, critical thinking, lucid writing, and effective participation in classroom discussion. HI108R combines with HI105 or HI155 to form the plebe history sequence of the Core Academic Program. The Russia stem (identifier R) challenges cadets to study how social, political, economic, technological, and military factors have influenced international and multicultural relations and how these relations have influenced the development of specific societies, polities, cultures, economies, technologies, military systems, and gender roles throughout Russia, Central Asia, and the Caucasus.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI108W 2026-1 FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN WORLD 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE HI108W will focus on trade, technology, politics, society, and the state. These themes will help cadets understand how states and societies innovate, why states go to war, how they marshal the resources to do so, and how these factors have changed over time. In doing so, this course will help cadets know themselves, know others, and begin to develop strategic competence. The course also develops methods of historical research and analysis, critical thinking, lucid writing, and effective participation in classroom discussion.
2026 2
2027 1
2027 2
2028 1
2028 2
2029 1
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI155 2026-1 ADVANCED HISTORY OF THE U.S. 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course encompasses the same chronological period and thematic coverage as HI105, but it assumes some familiarity with American history and consequently places special emphasis on historical analysis and criticism. Moreover, students acquire a broader understanding of American history and the historian?s methods.
2026 2
2027 1
2027 2
2028 1
2028 2
2029 1
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI158W 2026-1 ADV FOUNDATIONS MODERN WORLD 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE HI158W will focus on trade, technology, politics, society, and the state. These themes will help cadets understand how states and societies innovate, why states go to war, how they marshal the resources to do so, and how these factors have changed over time. In doing so, this course will help cadets know themselves, know others, and begin to develop strategic competence. The course also develops methods of historical research and analysis, critical thinking, lucid writing, and effective participation in classroom discussion.
2026 2
2027 1
2027 2
2028 1
2028 2
2029 1
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI301 2026-1 HIST OF MILITARY ART TO 1900 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This one-term elective course traces the evolution of the art of war to 1900. Emphasis is placed on the changing character of warfare as nations adjusted to social, political, ideological, economic, and technological developments. The historical method is used as a tool for understanding war as a complex, ambiguous, and unpredictable human phenomenon. Analysis focuses on causation, the interrelationship of events as warfare evolved over the ages, operational and logistical aspects of military history, and the role of society in warfare.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI301 2027-1 HIST OF MILITARY ART TO 1900 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This core course traces the evolution of the art of war to 1900. Emphasis is placed on the changing character of warfare as nations adjusted to social, political, ideological, economic, and technological developments. The historical method is used as a tool for understanding war as a complex, ambiguous, and unpredictable human phenomenon. Analysis focuses on causation, the interrelationship of events as warfare evolved over the ages, operational and logistical aspects of military history, and the role of society in warfare.
2027 1
2027 2
2027 8
2027 9
2028 1
2028 2
2028 8
2028 9
2029 1
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI301H 2026-1 HIST OF MILITARY ART TO 1900 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE Temporary course for History Majors enrolled in HI301

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI301X 2026-1 HIST OF MILITARY ART TO 1900 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This core course traces the evolution of the art of war to 1900. Emphasis is placed on the changing character of warfare as nations adjusted to social, political, ideological, economic, and technological developments. The historical method is used as a tool for understanding war as a complex, ambiguous, and unpredictable human phenomenon. Analysis focuses on causation, the interrelationship of events as warfare evolved over the ages, operational and logistical aspects of military history, and the role of society in warfare.
2026 2
2027 1
2027 2
2028 1
2028 2
2029 1
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI302 2025-4 HIST OF MIL ART 1900- PRESENT 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This one-term, upperclass core course traces the evolution of the art of war from 1900 to the wars of the present day. Emphasis is placed on the changing character of warfare as nations adjusted to social, political, ideological, economic, and technological developments. The historical method is used as a tool for understanding war as a complex, ambiguous, and unpredictable human phenomenon. Analysis focuses on causation, the interrelationship of events as warfare evolved over the ages, operational and logistical aspects of military history, and the role of society in warfare.
2026 2
2026 4
2026 8
2026 9
2027 1
2027 2
2027 4
2027 8
2027 9
2028 1
2028 2
2028 4
2028 8
2028 9
2029 1
2029 2
2029 4
2029 8
2029 9
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI302H 2026-1 HIST OF MIL ART 1900- PRESENT 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE Temporary course for History Majors enrolled in HI302.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI302X 2026-1 HIST OF MIL ART 1900- PRESENT 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This two term, upperclass core course traces the evolution of the art of war from the hundred years war through the Napoleonic era to the American civil war and the wars of the twentieth century. Emphasis is placed on the changing nature of warfare as nations adjust to social, political, economic and technological developments. Analysis focuses on causation, the interrelationship of events as warfare evolved over the ages, operational and logistical aspects of military history, and the role of society in warfare.
2026 2
2027 1
2027 2
2028 1
2028 2
2029 1
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI337 2026-1 CHINA: EMPIRE, REPUBLIC, & MAO 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course traces the history of China from its emergence as the dominant culture in East Asia in the 10th century to the present. It examines how the legacies of the Tang empire in China played out in the multi-state system that endured from 960 to the Mongol conquest, and then were reclaimed in the form of the Late Imperial state under the Ming and "foreign" Manchu rule. It considers the search for a "new China" under the Republic, which was established following the collapse of the Late Imperial state, and how that search fared during a time of competing warlords and the rise of nationalism. It shows why Mao came to represent a new utopian vision and how that vision tragically failed. Finally, the course explores how the search for "new China" and historical legitimacy continues today both on the mainland and in the continuation of the Republic in Taiwan.
2028 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI338 2026-1 WARFARE IN AGE OF REVOLUTIONS 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course examines the theory and practice of warfare in Europe during the Age of Revolutions, roughly considered to be 1750 to 1814. Political revolutions such as the American and French Revolutions, along with other revolutions such as the Agricultural and the Industrial, and the intellectual ferment spawned by the Age of Enlightenment, all resulted in significant changes in the conduct of warfare. This course will examine those events, with particular focus on their relevance to the art of warfare. Themes include changes in military organization, doctrine, technology, and the accompanying social, political, and economic factors that influenced the armies of the day. The course will also cover the wars and campaigns that took place during this timeframe, including the American and French Revolutions and the wars of Napoleon.
2026 2
2028 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI339 2026-1 THE MODERN MIDDLE EAST 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course enables cadets to explore the social, political, economic, and military interactions in the formation of the Modern Middle East. The first block examines the decline of the Gunpowder Empires and the subsequent penetration of European colonialism into the Islamic world (India, North Africa, Egypt, and the Levant), with emphasis on the factors that led to military decline of the Turkic world and the relative economic and military advantages of the European powers. During this block, students will discuss the Middle East's modernizing and reform efforts that European colonialism helped to catalyze, to include democratization, constitutions, capitalism, and industrialization. The second block covers the events that follow the World Wars and subsequent decolonization of the Middle East against the backdrop of the Cold War. Cadets will closely examine the Arab-Israeli conflict, the rise of Arab Nationalism and the tension between military revolutionary dictatorship and attempts at constitutional monarchy and republics. The final phase will begin with the Iranian revolution of 1979 and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. It will consider the rise of political Islam as a revolutionary ideology and the post-Cold War challenges leading to current wars and insurrections.
2026 8
2026 9
2027 1
2027 8
2027 9
2028 8
2028 9
2029 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI340 2026-1 COLONIAL AMERICA 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course examines the international, political, social, cultural, and economic origins and development of colonial North America prior to the War for Independence, with attention to French and Spanish as well as British colonies. It explores the development of American identities and the significance of colonization and intercultural encounters for all the peoples, Native and European, of North America.
2028 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI341 2026-1 THE AGE OF EXPLORATION 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course concentrates on the on the 'age of exploration' and its impact on the Early Modern World, 1453-1715. It provides students interested in the history of Early Modern Europe, the Atlantic world, the history of Africa and colonial Latin America a general understanding of the ideologies and institutions that enabled Europe to colonize parts of Africa and the Americas during this important period in world history. Specific topics include: medieval precedents of early modern imperialism; theories of monarchy and empire; ideologies of conquest and colonization; the continuity of Native cultures and beliefs; the relevance of race and slavery in understanding European influence in Africa and the Americas; and the creation of an Atlantic economy.
2026 2
2026 8
2028 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI343 2026-2 MODERN GERMANY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course is a survey of the German lands from the dawn of the modern era through contemporary times. The course will combine social, political, economic, and cultural history in examining crucial themes and developments related to the German-speaking regions. Cadets will consider German nation and state formation; social, demographic, and economic transformation; imperialism, war, and ideological change; and trends in high and popular culture. The course will include a significant segment on twentieth-century Germany and the role the German state played in determining the course of world history, whether as the Nazi state that unleashed the Holocaust or as the West German Cold War bulwark. German history has much to teach us and has led to enormous debates about the nature of the modern era.
2026 2
2026 8
2026 9
2027 8
2027 9
2028 2
2028 8
2028 9
2029 2
2029 8
2029 9
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI344 2026-1 MODERN DIPLOMACY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE The course focuses on the major diplomatic developments in Europe from 1814 through the end of the Cold War in 1991. It traces the emergence of the European state system after the Treaty of Westphalia and the impact of the revolution in France on European diplomatic relations. It examines the diplomatic system established at the Congress of Vienna through the crises and conflicts of the mid-19th century. The course also examines the various factors that led to the First World War, the developments of the interwar period, the origins and conduct of the Second World War, and the origins of the Cold War. The final lessons will explore Europe's role in the Cold War, the rise of international organizations, trans-national diplomacy, the end of the Cold War, and recent modifications to Europe's role in world affairs.
2026 8
2027 1
2027 9
2028 9
2029 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI345 2026-1 MODERN AFRICA 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course takes a thematic approach to African history, describing the forces which led to the partitioning of the continent, the practices of European colonialism/imperialism, the emergence of independent African states, and political, economic, and social developments in contemporary Africa. The goal of the course is to focus on critical events, relationships, and themes on the continent that continue to effect current events.
2028 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI346 2026-1 INDIA, PAKISTAN, & BANGLADESH 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course explores the complex history of South Asia upon which the modern states of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh are founded. The course examines cultural roots, religious developments, and traditions of power and authority in the multiplicity of states before the introduction of Islam. It goes on to consider the impact of later Muslim control much of South Asia. It covers British rule of South Asia and focuses particularly on the violent partition at independence in 1947 into India and Pakistan. It will examine the legacies of Gandhi, Jinnah as the founder of Pakistan, and Winston Churchill as a figure in British India policy. Lastly the course studies the development of states since independence, including the transition of East Pakistan into Bangladesh, with particular attention to ongoing struggles over religious and secular identities.
2026 2
2028 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI347 2026-1 ASIAN WARFARE AND POLITICS 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course explores the interaction between warfare and political systems in East Asia. It begins with the transition from military monarchy to bureaucratic empire in the Warring States Period. It then maps the rise of nomadic confederations in the Inner Asian steppe and their strategic interaction with the Han state. It traces how the collapse of the Han state led to military turmoil in East Asia, the rise of hybrid states, a new cosmopolitan empire, and then a multi-state system. It considers how in Japan, the importation of the bureaucratic state led first to centralization and then to the rise of the samurai and a feudal structure. Next, the course examines the development of a new form of nomadic confederation under the Mongols, and how Mongol warfare led to a more centralized state in China, and turmoil and a federalist system in Japan. In the modern period, the course considers how the challenge of Western military force led to political turmoil and the rise of the Communists in China, but in Japan led to the building of the Imperial Army, noted for its competence and for its atrocities. The course concludes with reflection on how the experience of war in East Asia continues to affect the region's politics and political structures.
2027 1
2027 8
2028 8
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI348 2026-1 MODERN LATIN AMERICA 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course surveys the cultural, economic, political, and social evolution of Latin America from the era of independence to the present. The course begins with a brief examination of Pre-Colombian and colonial events and structures. Students will study the economic development of modern Latin America and its influence on social, political, and military change. Case studies of national histories, such as Mexico, Cuba, Brazil, Argentina, and other countries help to illuminate the broad themes that underlie modern Latin American history. The course will examine Latin American relations with the United States and other nations of the world.
2026 8
2026 9
2027 1
2027 8
2027 9
2028 8
2028 9
2029 1
2029 8
2029 9
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI351 2026-1 ADV HIST OF MILITARY ART -1900 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE HI351-352 parallels HI301-302. However, in addition to accelerated study of HI301-302 material, the cadet will study selected periods in greater depth and breadth. This course offers the cadet a more profound understanding of men and women as warriors and of the evolution of the art of war than would otherwise be available.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI352 2026-1 ADV HIST OF MIL ART 1900- PRES 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE HI351-352 parallels HI301-302. However, in addition to accelerated study of HI301-302 material, the cadet will study selected periods in greater depth and breadth. This course offers the cadet a more profound understanding of men and women as warriors and of the evolution of the art of war than would otherwise be available.
2026 2
2027 2
2028 2
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI355 2026-1 WARFARE, INDUSTRY, & EMPIRE 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course examines the history of warfare around the globe from the end of the Napoleonic Wars through the First World War and its aftermath. It connects the study of military strategy, tactics, and campaigns with the political, economic, social, and cultural contexts and dynamics that shaped military developments. It explores the impact of changing technology on the conduct of war, the development of nationalism and imperialism, "cabinet wars" between European nation-states, wars of national unification, and wars of empire. This course explores several themes particularly useful to any modern soldier, including the nature and intensity of national and imperial wars and the effect of changing technology on society and the conduct of war.
2027 2
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI356 2027-2 WAR AT SEA, SKY, SPACE 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course examines the history of the Sea, Air, and Space Domains in the 20th Century through exploring how US military and political leaders conceived of their utility and how each influenced the conduct and outcome of armed conflict. The course proceeds chronologically beginning with the introduction of Mahanian thought in the US Navy in the 1890s, adding in the development of military aircraft in the 1910s, and first uses of space during the Second World War. It traces the evolving role of each domain through the World Wars, Korea, Vietnam, late Cold War and immediate post-Cold War conflicts. Cadets will study the interactions between the three domains and how they shaped the contemporary operating environment. Cadets will be able to understand and appreciate the context of the modern joint force and how each domain is inherently interconnected and needed to find tactical, operational, and strategic success in war and peace.
2027 2
2028 2
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI357 2027-1 ARMED CONFLICT IN THE COLD WAR 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course examines the history of armed conflict during the Cold War and the influence of ideology and technology on war in the second half of the 20th century. The course proceeds chronologically beginning with an introduction to the ideologies and alliances of the US and USSR, looking at the rise of non-aligned states and competing ideologies in the developing world, and first battles of the Cold War. It traces how the goals and objectives of the superpowers collided with local interests resulting in unexpected results and frustration. Cadets will study how technology became both a constraining and enabling factor in war during the period. They will be able to understand and appreciate the context of how warfare evolved during this period and how the legacies of Cold War conflicts shape the contemporary operating environment.
2027 1
2028 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI359 2026-1 ERA OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course examines the Interwar Years, 1919-1939, and the Second World War from a global perspective while using a thematic approach to compare the different experiences of each of the major belligerents. Whether covering the Versailles Treaty, the rise of Adolf Hitler, the US Army during the Great Depression, home fronts, or the Holocaust, the cadets in the course will examine the social, political, cultural, and economic factors that contributed to how belligerents waged war, and, in turn, how war affected each of these factors across the globe. The course covers how and why the belligerents planned and executed particular strategies and operations in the European, Pacific, and China-Burma-India theaters to achieve their coalition and national goals. Finally, this course examines the interrelationship of sea, air, and land forces, and the complexities of providing logistical support to joint and combined operations on an unprecedented scale.
2026 8
2027 1
2028 1
2029 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI361 2026-1 MEDIEVAL EUROPE 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE The millennium between the "fall" of the Roman Empire and the Voyages of Discovery--the Middle Ages--has often been characterized as brutish and inferior. Yet, this tough, fascinating society offered immeasurable potential for growth and adaptation. The personages and events of the European medieval world spawned many of the ideas and institutions of modernity. Topics for study will include the barbarian invasions, Byzantine Empire, Carolingian Europe, feudalism, medieval technology, Christian Church, medieval warfare, Crusades, rise of universities, crises of the 14th century, growth of monarchical power, and economic and social change.
2027 2
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI362 2026-1 POLITICS/SOC-EARLY MOD EURO 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE After tracing the legacy of the middle ages, this course concentrates on the development of the modern nation state in Europe, 1453-1648. Specific topics include the renaissance, humanism, the reformation, the age of religious wars, and the contrast between the growth of absolutist and constitutional governments. The latter portion of the course concentrates on the political, social, economic, diplomatic, and military trends that shaped modern Europe.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI364 2026-1 MODERN WESTERN EUROPE 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course is an introduction to European history from 1789 to the present. The course considers how and why Europe -- a small, relatively poor, and politically fragmented place -- became the engine of globalization and an important civilization in its own right. Our approach is broadly cultural, using politics, economics, society, religion, and other arenas to understand the events and people of Modern Western Europe. Chief topics: French Revolution, liberalism and the industrial revolution, socialism and the rise of labor, modern colonialism, world wars, communism and capitalism, decolonization, Cold War, and the European Union.
2026 2
2026 8
2026 9
2027 8
2027 9
2028 2
2028 8
2028 9
2029 8
2029 9
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI367 2026-1 IMPERIAL AND SOVIET RUSSIA 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course examines the political, social, and cultural history of Russia as it emerged from the Mongol era up to the present day. It explores the development of the Tsarist political and social systems, the emergence of literary, artistic, and revolutionary movements, and the development of Russia's position in European politics from the time of Peter I through WWI. It also covers the rise of the Soviet Union, the leadership's attempts to implement communist ideology and responses to that attempt, Russia's relationship with various national and ethnic groups, and the emergence of the Soviet Union as a superpower. The course concludes with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the emergence of new states in the 1990s.
2026 8
2026 9
2027 1
2027 8
2027 9
2028 8
2028 9
2029 1
2029 8
2029 9
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI368 2026-1 MOD CENTRAL & E. EUR,1896-1989 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE Between 1896 and 1989, Central and Eastern Europe experienced two world wars, at least three major revolutions, and radical industrial and environmental dislocations. The region witnessed everything from the birth of its modern culture to the creation of new post-World War I nation-states, to the Holocaust, to massive forced population shifts, to the creation of the communist Eastern Bloc, to the popular overthrow of Communism in 1989. Radical regimes on the right and left brought incredible change, quashed hopes, and produced both progress and suffering of unprecedented proportion. This course will examine life in late-19th and 20th century Habsburg Europe and its successor states of Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. It will do so comparatively, highlighting themes of nation-creation, everyday life, social transition, war, revolution, and ethnic cleansing.
2028 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI369 2026-1 AMERICAN FRONTIERS 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE HI 369 enables cadets to explore the social, political, economic, and military interactions between many diverse cultures in North America during the period of European and U.S. expansion since 1500. The course does this by examining the history of Native America and the "American" West, which included much of colonial British North America, and much of the American South through the 1830s, along with Spanish, French, and other European frontiers in North America. The course integrates Native American, Latino, and economic history in the study of migration, cultural contact, and "international" relations on the frontiers of North America. The course also explores change and diversity in cultural perspectives by examining myths of the West from a range of ethnic and other viewpoints. The course is an elective in the American History stem of the history program, but can be taken for credit in the International stem as well.
2027 2
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI370 2026-1 ANCIENT & MEDIEVAL WARFARE 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course focuses on warfare from the dawn of recorded history through the fourteenth century. Thus, it will provide cadets with opportunities to study the campaigns of Alexander, the military methods of the Romans, the military aspects of feudalism, the Scottish war of independence, and other topics which are not covered in the core military courses. Although the course includes in-depth analyses of certain battles and campaigns, it places more emphasis on "war and society" issues such as the relationship between military participation and social standing in human societies, the connections between armies and governments, and the impact of economic, technological and social change on military structures. Also, HI370 will shift some emphasis away from the operational level of war to the analysis of the strategic and tactical levels of war, and away from use of secondary sources to use of primary materials.
2026 2
2026 8
2027 8
2027 9
2028 2
2028 8
2028 9
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI372 2026-1 US FGN RELATIONS SINCE 1898 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course examines American foreign relations from the nation's entry into the world arena as a major power in 1898 through both World Wars, and the Cold War, to its station in today's multipolar world. It is a study of the forces, events, personalities, and principles that have shaped America's role in the world and provided the framework for the development of current foreign policy.
2027 1
2028 1
2029 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI374 2026-1 HISTORY OF AFRICA 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course begins with a survey of pre-colonial Africa, including the evolution of early human cultures, the rise and fall of African civilization and states, the spread of Islam, and the contact between Africans and Europeans. It will then focus on the region south of the Sahara, describing the forces which led to the partitioning of the continent, the practices of European colonialism/imperialism, the emergence of independent African states, and political, economic, and social developments in contemporary Africa.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI375 2026-1 HISTORY OF CHINA 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course begins with the emergence of distinct Chinese civilization and the rich legacies of early and dynastic China. It will then trace the history of the imperial period from the creation of the state, through the rise of different dynasties, barbarian invasion, and Mongol occupation, until the height of imperial power under the rule of the foreign Manchus. It will move to consider why China had such difficulty with its Western contacts in the 19th century and why China has experienced such turmoil in the 20th century. The course concludes by examining Mao's rise to power and the tragic events that followed. The emergence of Taiwan as a separate regional power is also discussed.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI376 2026-1 EARLY MODERN WARFARE 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course examines the history of warfare in Europe from the Renaissance through the campaigns of Frederick the Great. It combines the study of military campaigns with that of the political, economic, social, and cultural factors shaping military developments. It explores the so-called "Military Revolution" of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries with particular emphasis on the relationships between military developments and state building, the rise of absolutism in France and the Wars of Louis XIV, and the rise of Prussia and the Wars of Frederick the Great. Study of the so-called "age of limited war" sets the stage for future study of the American Revolution and the Wars of the French Revolutions and Napoleon. This course contains several themes particularly useful to the modern soldier. Among them are the nature, intensity, and complexity of wars of religion.
2027 2
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI377 2027-2 EMPIRES & REVOLUTIONS 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course examines the military, economic, political, and cultural expansion of empires throughout the world beginning in the fifteenth century. It then explores the doctrines, ideologies, and practices of imperialism and colonial rule before moving on to consider how colonized peoples resisted colonial rule and were eventually able to mount anticolonial revolutions that created independent nation-states. The course ends with the collapse of European empires during the period of the Cold War.
2027 2
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI378 2028-1 INDUSTRY, IDEOLOGY & THE STATE 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE Taking a global history approach, this course examines how industrial technologies, economic developments, and new political ideologies gave rise to the modern nation-state from 1780 to the present. It then explores on a global scale how these developments challenged societies and cultures through increasingly integrated trade networks and imperial projects, and then how they contributed to the World Wars of the 20th century. Lastly, the course analyzes how these developments led to the rise of a truly global economic and political system that has wrought far-reaching social and cultural changes across the world. The course will consider developments in Asia, Africa, Latin America, Europe, and the United States.
2028 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI379 2026-1 HISTORY OF LATIN AMERICA 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course surveys the political, economic, and social evolution of Latin America by tracing its history from Pre-Colombian times through the 20th century. Beginning with an exploration of the three races that blend to create a unique Latin American culture, the course surveys the wide scope of Latin American history that has created Latin America, as we know it today. Specific attention is paid to the period of Spanish and Portuguese conquest and colonization, Latin America's fight for independence, and the subsequent struggle to build sovereign, modernized nations in the 19th century. This course ends by looking at the social revolutions and guerrilla insurgencies of the 20th century, and Latin America's attempt to overcome its historical problems of political instability, economic underdevelopment, and social stratification.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI381 2026-1 HISTORY OF IRREGULAR WARFARE 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE The course examines unconventional warfare from a historical perspective, particularly conflicts involving opponents with a significant disparity in their conventional military capabilities. Through several case studies, the course explores why belligerents succeed or fail in unconventional warfare and how ideology, technology, and social, political, and economic factors help determine the outcome of wars between regular and irregular forces. Covering a broad period of history, selected case studies include wars of conquest or colonization, revolutionary wars, and peacekeeping or constabulary operations.
2026 8
2027 1
2028 1
2029 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI383 2026-1 MIDDLE EASTERN WARFARE 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course introduces cadets to a variety of issues affecting the nature and conduct of war in the geographic and cultural region bounded by Turco-Arabic languages. A special emphasis is to understand the utility of warfare in a specific social context, that of evolving Turco-Arabic methods of governance, military institutions, and military operations from the time of Muhammad to the Treaty of Karlowitz. Significant military issues in this geographically, demographically, ethnically, and culturally diverse region are explored to gain historical perspective into the various social, political, and religious legitimacies groups of people have exploited in the quest to dominate Islamicate civilizations from 600-1700 CE.
2026 2
2028 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI385 2026-1 WAR & ITS THEORISTS 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course engages with the development of military theory as an intersection of military and intellectual history. As a military history course, it addresses the history of the practice of warfare. As an intellectual history course, it explores the relationship between ideas and human behavior. The fusion of these two approaches engages with influential theorists and practitioners (including Clausewitz, Corbett, Liddell Hart, Brodie, and others) to examine how the intellectual currents of their respective eras intersected with their ideas on the utility of armed force, and how subsequent eras reinterpreted theories and ideas to align with their own views of war.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI387 2026-1 TOPICS IN AMERICAN HISTORY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE his is a special topics course that offers the opportunity to examine an aspect of American history that does not align with regularly-scheduled American history elective courses. Topics will vary from one iteration to the next. Consult the Department of History Academic Counselors for more information.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI388 2026-1 TOPICS IN INTERNATIONL HISTORY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This is a special topics course that offers the opportunity to examine an aspect of international history that does not align with regularly-scheduled international history elective courses. Topics will vary from one iteration to the next. Consult the Department of History Academic Counselors for more information.
2027 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI389 2025-7 TOPICS IN MILITARY HISTORY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This is a special topics course that offers the opportunity to examine an aspect of military history that does not align with regularly-scheduled military history elective courses. Topics will vary from one iteration to the next. Consult the Department of History Academic Counselors for more information

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI391 2026-1 WORLD RELIGIONS 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course analyses the emergence, development and present cultural expression of the major religions of the world, emphasizing their 19th and 20th century experience. It also examines the development of religion in the ancient world and in pre-literate and non-technical societies. Cadets study the world's religions as molded by and as molders of the social, political and economic forces unique to particular cultures. Special attention is paid to the role of each religion in the formulation and adaptation of public and foreign policy.
2026 8
2026 9
2027 2
2028 1
2029 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI392 2026-1 AMERICAN HISTORICAL MEMORY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE The stories we tell about our past matter, often on a grand scale. Narratives of the past produced by historians, artists, politicians, institutions, and communities reveal much about individual and collective identities within the United States. Such narratives often help shape local, regional, and national politics, institutions, identities, and values for both good and ill. This course examines American historical memory and the myriad ways in which American remembrance and commemoration of the past has interacted with, reflected, and affected contemporary conditions, communities, institutions, and values more than they have accurately narrated, portrayed, and commemorated past events. Ultimately this course will examine in a broad sense the role of history in shaping national identity and nationalism within the United States, and the place of history within American society and culture.
2027 2
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI393 2026-2 AMERICA IN DEPRESSION AND WAR 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE Between 1919 and 1960 the United States demobilized after one war, experienced dramatic but uneven economic growth, suffered the Great Depression, fought a second world war, and emerged as the premier world power in the Cold War that followed. Amid massive economic and international change, the nation underwent significant social and political change, with the growth of activist government, conflict between business and labor, the emergence of a widely based middle class, and the contested growth of civil rights movements. This course explores how and why the United States changed between the end of the First World War and the election of John F. Kennedy, connecting domestic and international contexts and trajectories.
2026 2
2028 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI394 2026-1 REVOLUTIONARY AMERICA 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course examines the social, political, and economic origins and consequences of the American Revolution through the adoption of the Constitution. It explores the development of an American identity and the meaning of the Revolution for all Americans, to include women, African Americans, and the poor.
2026 2
2028 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI395 2026-1 HIST OF CIVIL WAR AMERICA 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course focuses on the causes and consequences of the American Civil War. Cadets will analyze the road to war, the war itself, and Reconstruction to place the entire period in its broader historical context. The course covers the ante-bellum South and North, focusing on the peculiar effect of slavery on society. Cadets will examine the home fronts to see the populace's reaction to war as both the Union and the Confederacy engage in conflict. In approaching Reconstruction, students will focus on the political, economic, and racial policies that were implemented to rebuild the nation.
2026 2
2028 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI396 2026-1 THEODORE ROOSEVELT'S AMERICA 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE Between 1865 and 1919, the United States emerged from the Civil War and became a rising world power. Mass industrialization during the Gilded Age made it a powerhouse in the global economy but also raised myriad social and political issues that eventually transformed the United States during the Progressive Era. Consolidating control over its continental territory in the last quarter of the 19th century, the United States then expanded and intervened overseas in 1898 and beyond, eventually becoming embroiled in the cataclysm of the First World War in 1917-1918. Theodore Roosevelt's America: the Gilded Age, Progressive Era, and World War I analyzes these and related issues, with particular attention to connections between changes at home and abroad, and between changes in political, social, and economic dimensions
2028 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI397 2027-1 THE US FROM COLD WAR TO TODAY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE In 1960 the United States was deeply engaged in the Cold War with communism and the Soviet Union. Since then, the nation has experienced massive social, political, economic, cultural, and international change, with the growth of activist government and backlash against it, conflict between business and labor, economic stagnation and the return of a boom-and-bust economy, the contested growth of civil rights and other reform movements, the end of the Cold War and the return of ethnonationalism and great power competition. This course explores how and why the United States changed between the election of John F. Kennedy and the present, focusing on 1960-2001 and connecting domestic and international contexts and trajectories.
2027 1
2029 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI398 2026-1 CIVIL RIGHTS IN AMER HIST 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course examines the history of civil rights and the Civil Rights Movement in America from 1865 to the present, focusing on the earliest efforts to achieve civil rights for African Americans and the constant evolution of those efforts. This course focuses on the political, economic, and social issues that shaped understandings about civil rights, citizenship, race, class and gender, enriching the understanding of the fight for Civil Rights in American History beyond the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. While this course will focus primarily on African American civil rights and civil rights movements in American history, various other civil rights movements may be included for comparative analysis. Accordingly, this course will historicize issues related to race, ethnicity, and gender in ways that will better prepare future officers to lead in the modern Army.
2027 2
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI399 2025-7 HISTORY STAFF RIDE 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE History Staff Ride analyzes various campaigns and battles focusing on enhancing cadet understanding of the relationship between the strategic, operational and tactical levels of war and gaining a heightened appreciation for the importance of leadership on the battlefield. Cadets begin with classroom preparation and intense study prior to the staff ride, and through travel, experience the battlefields first-hand. They gain a historical understanding of the campaigns, and by walking the terrain, develop the ability to analyze complex battlefield problems and conditions. The ability to plan, prepare and execute a staff ride, with a focus on cadet led presentations and discussions, will also be evaluated. In addition, cadets participate in a number of cultural activities during travel.
2026 7
2027 7
2028 7
2029 7
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI399A 2025-7 HISTORY STAFF RIDE 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE History Staff Ride analyzes various campaigns and battles focusing on enhancing cadet understanding of the relationship between the strategic, operational and tactical levels of war and gaining a heightened appreciation for the importance of leadership on the battlefield. Cadets begin with classroom preparation and intense study prior to the staff ride, and through travel, experience the battlefields first-hand. They gain a historical understanding of the campaigns, and by walking the terrain, develop the ability to analyze complex battlefield problems and conditions. The ability to plan, prepare and execute a staff ride, with a focus on cadet led presentations and discussions, will also be evaluated. In addition, cadets participate in a number of cultural activities during travel.
2026 7
2027 7
2028 7
2029 7
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI400 2026-1 UNITY AND CONFLICT 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course is designed to teach cadets to analyze how humans have historically conceptualized themselves and others, and how they mobilized mutual associations and groups to claim political legitimacy and power. In particular, the course will provide historical comprehension of what these concepts are, theories of how, why, and when they emerged, and how they interconnect or break down. HI400 will examine modern developments such as the Enlightenment, the scientific revolution, the growth of the state, European-stimulated social movements and mass politics, and European imperialism to study why these changes inspired varied but overlapping methods for unifying peoples, creating boundaries, and defining differences. The course is global in content and multidisciplinary in method. **This is a pilot course and must be reviewed by the Curriculum Committee NLT AY29-1 to continue.**
2027 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI460 2026-1 SENIOR FACULTY COURSE 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course is taught by a senior member in the Department of History in a field of that historian's expertise. The course offers students the opportunity to study under the guidance of a historian in topics not normally offered by the Department of History. This course will include an exploration of the way in which history has been written; including examining the changing interpretations, traditions, methods, and frameworks of historians.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI460A 2026-1 SENIOR FACULTY COURSE 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course is taught by a senior member in the Department of History in a field of that historian's expertise. The course offers students the opportunity to study under the guidance of a historian in topics not normally offered by the Department of History.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI462 2026-1 THE HISTORY OF INNOVATION 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE Innovations in technology, science, thought and ideology have radically changed the course of history across the world. This course examines why these innovations occur and then how they are practically applied in a military, social, political, economic, and cultural context. This course will include an exploration of the way in which history has been written; including examining the changing interpretations, traditions, methods, and frameworks of historians.
2026 2
2028 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI464 2026-1 VISITING PROFESSOR ELECTIVE 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course is taught by the visiting Ewing Chair in Military History on a topic of that historian's expertise. The course offers students the opportunity to study under the guidance of a distinguished historian in topics not normally offered by the Department of History. The course may be taught by a distinguished visiting professor on the occasion that the Ewing Chair is unable to do so.
2026 2
2027 2
2028 2
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI475 2026-1 HISTORY OF DAILY LIFE 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course explores the everyday experiences of people throughout history, focusing on how daily life has evolved across different cultures, societies, and time periods. From ancient civilizations to modern times, students will examine the routines, customs, and technologies that shaped the daily existence of ordinary people. Topics will include food, clothing, family structures, work, leisure, and social norms, as well as how major historical events, such as wars, revolutions, and industrialization, influenced the everyday lives of individuals. By engaging with primary sources, material culture, and scholarly interpretations, students will gain a deeper understanding of how people navigated their worlds, from ancient households to contemporary urban centers. This course emphasizes the significance of the "mundane" as a window into broader social, political, and cultural developments, highlighting how daily life reflects and contributes to the fabric of history. **This is a pilot course for AY26-1 and AY28-1 and must undergo review by the Curriculum Committee NLT AY29-2 to continue.**

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI487 2027-1 EARLY AMERICAN REPUB 1787-1826 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE Although the Constitution outlined the form of federal government in the United States, it left unanswered many questions concerning how that government should function. This course examines how, between 1787 and 1826, evolving political thought, economic development, changing social conditions, and sectionalism influenced successive generations' debates about the role of government in American life.
2027 1
2029 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI494 2026-1 ADV IND STUDY IN HISTORY (1CR) 1.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course is an individually supervised research and study program. The cadet may engage in independent research or an internship and research either at West Point or another location, independent of a formal classroom setting. The scope of the course is tailored to the needs of the project and interests of the cadet in consultation with a faculty advisor. Activities vary by project, but the primary purpose is for the cadet to engage in independent study and produce a substantial work of scholarship. With the approval of the Head of the Department, the cadet chooses a research project of interest and is supervised by a faculty member.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI495 2026-1 ADV IND STUDY IN HISTORY (2CR) 2.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course is an individually supervised research and study program. The cadet may engage in independent research or an internship and research either at West Point or another location, independent of a formal classroom setting. The scope of the course is tailored to the needs of the project and interests of the cadet in consultation with a faculty advisor. Activities vary by project, but the primary purpose is for the cadet to engage in independent study, usually in preparation for a more substantial project in the future. With the approval of the Head of the Department, the cadet chooses a research project of interest and is supervised by a faculty member.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI496 2026-1 ADV IND STUDY IN HISTORY (3CR) 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course is an individually supervised research and study program. The cadet may engage in independent research or an internship and research either at West Point or another location, independent of a formal classroom setting. The scope of the course is tailored to the needs of the project and interests of the cadet in consultation with a faculty advisor. Activities vary by project, but the primary purpose is for the cadet to engage in independent study and produce a substantial work of scholarship. With the approval of the Head of the Department, the cadet chooses a research project of interest and is supervised by a faculty member.
2027 1
2028 1
2029 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI496A 2026-1 ADV IND STUDY IN HISTORY (3CR) 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course is an individually supervised research and study program. The cadet may engage in independent research or an internship and research either at West Point or another location, independent of a formal classroom setting. The scope of the course is tailored to the needs of the project and interests of the cadet in consultation with a faculty advisor. Activities vary by project, but the primary purpose is for the cadet to engage in independent study and produce a substantial work of scholarship. With the approval of the Head of the Department, the cadet chooses a research project of interest and is supervised by a faculty member.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI498 2026-1 COLLOQUIUM IN HISTORY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE The colloquium employs seminar discussions of important books and scholarly articles to enhance understanding of major historical issues. Subcourses are designed to provide in-depth study of various topics in American, European, military, and international and strategic history. Cadets select a subcourse topic as the basis for their reading program after consultation with their faculty advisor or departmental counselor. Subcourse topics may vary each year in accordance with student interest and faculty expertise. The colloquium satisfies the 400-level course requirement for the history fields of study. Cadets who major in history should complete a colloquium that will support their subsequent enrollment in HI499, Senior Thesis in History.
2026 2
2027 1
2028 1
2029 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI498A 2026-1 COLLOQUIUM IN HISTORY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE The colloquium employs seminar discussions of important books and scholarly articles to enhance understanding of major historical issues. Subcourses are designed to provide in-depth study of various topics in American, European, military, and international and strategic history. Cadets select a subcourse topic as the basis for their reading program after consultation with their faculty advisor or departmental counselor. Subcourse topics may vary each year in accordance with student interest and faculty expertise. The colloquium satisfies the 400-level course requirement for the history fields of study. Cadets who major in history should complete a colloquium that will support their subsequent enrollment in HI499, Senior Thesis in History.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI499 2026-1 SENIOR THESIS 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE The course provides cadets selecting the major in history with an opportunity to enhance their skills in historical research and analysis. For this reason the course serves as excellent preparation for graduate study in history and related disciplines. Based upon their background and research interests cadets are organized into small thesis-writing seminars. Under the supervision of a seminar advisor, each cadet defines a topic, develops a research plan, accomplishes research, and drafts a thesis. The seminar meets occasionally to discuss issues in historiography and methodology, review progress in research, and critique draft papers. At the end of the semester cadets present their findings and defend their theses before a committee of faculty and fellow students.
2026 2
2027 1
2027 2
2028 2
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HI499A 2026-1 SENIOR THESIS - A 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE The course provides cadets selecting the major in history with an opportunity to enhance their skills in historical research and analysis. For this reason the course serves as excellent preparation for graduate study in history and related disciplines. Based upon their background and research interests cadets are organized into small thesis-writing seminars. Under the supervision of a seminar advisor, each cadet defines a topic, develops a research plan, accomplishes research, and drafts a thesis. The seminar meets occasionally to discuss issues in historiography and methodology, review progress in research, and critique draft papers. At the end of the semester cadets present their findings and defend their theses before a committee of faculty and fellow students.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
HX400 2026-1 INTEGRATIVE EXPERIENCE IN HIST 0.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course is an administrative placeholder for history major integrative experience credit.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS301 2026-1 INTRODUCTION TO WAR STUDIES 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE The greatest study of war, Carl von Clausewitz's On War, outlined a methodology for learning about war by study and reflection, integrating history and theory. WS301 introduces cadets to this methodology, providing the intellectual foundation they need for further coursework in the War Studies major. Cadets enrolled in this course will analyze both classic and recent works in Strategic Studies, along with historical case studies. Applying the theoretical content to examples of practice enables cadets to better understand both the theory and the history, and to test the value of generalizations, principles, or conceptual linkages proposed by theory.
2026 2
2027 1
2027 2
2028 1
2028 2
2029 1
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS330 2026-1 INTRODUCTION TO GRAND STRATEGY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This seminar examines the fundamentals of grand strategy in theory and in practice. It addresses the historical moment in which the modern concept of grand strategy was born and explores the major debates that have animated scholars and practitioners since. We focus on the core building blocks of grand strategy: the elements of national power that are available to be coordinated and applied in a coherent fashion across policy contexts. We analyze historical case studies to explore how the modern concept of grand strategy can be retrospectively applied to explain state behavior across time and diverse contexts. The seminar ultimately aims to prepare future Army officers to apply concepts from grand strategy to analyze and address complex problem sets in the contemporary international environment.
2027 1
2028 1
2029 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS335 2026-1 TOPICS IN GRAND STRATEGY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE WS335 Topics in Grand Strategy is the second of a two-part sequence designed to build on the course material covered in WS330. The course will cover applied regional and thematic topics in the study of grand strategy in a contemporary and/or historical context to illustrate key theoretical concepts. Grades are determined based on presentations, essays and other writing exercises, class participation, and a final exam, essay, and/or briefing.
2027 2
2028 2
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS345 2026-1 MILITARY INNOVATION 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This interdisciplinary course examines the subject of military innovation from a theoretical, strategic, historical, and policy-oriented perspective. WS345 addresses several key questions: Why do militaries innovate? How does this process of innovation occur? Why do attempts at military innovation succeed or fail? To answer these questions, this course introduces the innovation concept and ties innovation to the levels of war. It provides the historical narrative to military innovation, while emphasizing the contemporary operating environment by exploring the possibility of a recent Revolution in Military Affairs through emerging technologies and the international security environment.
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS350 2026-1 STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE Leaders must possess the ability to communicate complex ideas clearly and concisely, both verbally and in writing. WS350 is grounded in the application of sound communication and narrative techniques relevant to the tactical, operational, and strategic levels of war. The course introduces the concept of information as an element of national power used to achieve U.S. strategic objectives. It then turns to how narratives are used to develop and execute strategy. Cadets gain foundational knowledge of how information is used to develop understanding, communicate, and act decisively. Students study interactions between the military and the media to understand influence campaigns and their effects during competition and conflict. The course culminates in crafting communication plans to tackle vital strategic challenges. Through a combination of theoretical understanding and practical application, cadets learn to develop strategic communication plans, engage with media effectively, and leverage information as a dynamic element of combat power.
2029 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS358 2026-1 STRATEGY AND GENERALSHIP 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course focuses on the evolution of generalship in the western military experience and the performance of general officers who have sought to translate success at different levels of war into achieving policy & strategic goals. The course examines how generals have crafted and executed military strategy from the early modern era to the present. It explores various factors that shaped strategic thinking and influenced the way generals commanded their forces in these different historical eras and analyzes the application of those ideas and systems in selected case studies.
2027 1
2028 1
2029 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS360 2026-1 SPECIAL OPS IN THEORY & PRACTI 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course explores the nature and dynamics of low-intensity conflict in contrast to conventional and high-intensity warfare. Specifically, cadets will examine the strategy and tactics of insurgency, counterinsurgency, international terrorism, and peace operations. Another component of this course examines Special Operations Forces (SOF) by exploring the unique methods of special operators and their relationship with irregular warfare. Cadets will examine how U.S. SOF are organized, how special operations in general succeed, and why SOF are well-suited for low-intensity conflict. Several relevant guest speakers are integrated into the instruction throughout the course.
2029 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS365 2026-1 REBELLN, INSURGNCY, & CIV WAR 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course explores the social, political, economic, and military dynamics of irregular warfare, focusing on the tactical to strategic intricacies of conflict among state and non-state actors. Cadets gain insights into the complexities of irregular warfare in competition and conflict through a comprehensive examination of theoretical frameworks and practical case studies.
2028 2
2030 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS370 2026-1 US STRATEGY AND POLICY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course introduces cadets to foundational concepts within US national security policy, strategic theory, and military strategy. Cadets analyze the decisions of US policymakers through practical case studies and contemporary events by applying major theoretical concepts in defense strategy and policy through individual critical thinking, group collaboration, and oral and written communication. Cadets will be able to understand, analyze, and effectively communicate the relation of tactical action to national policy within the context of the US defense establishment. *This course will be conducted as a pilot course in AY26-2 and AY27-2. If there are substantive changes to the course, it will need review by the Curriculum Committee NLT AY28-1 to continue in AY28-2.*
2026 2
2027 2
2028 2
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS385 2026-1 WAR AND ITS THEORISTS 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course engages with the development of military theory as an intersection of military and intellectual history. As a military history course, it addresses the history of the practice of warfare. As an intellectual history course, it explores the relationship between ideas and human behavior. The fusion of these two approaches engages with influential theorists and practitioners (including Clausewitz, Corbett, Liddell Hart, Brodie, and others) to examine how the intellectual currents of their respective eras intersected with their ideas on the utility of armed force, and how subsequent eras reinterpreted theories and ideas to align with their own views of war.
2026 2
2027 2
2028 2
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS389 2027-1 WAR IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE Why do wars begin? How are they fought? Why and how do they end? Since the first and only use of atomic weapons in 1945, scholars and practitioners alike have argued for decades that the character of war is changing and that the pace of change is steadily increasing. That change can be disorienting, but there are many aspects about war's nature that are enduring and should be recognized as points of continuity even as war today continues to evolve. This course examines armed conflict in recent decades, analyzing trends in technological, sociological, political, and cultural change to better understand the modern character of war: its causes, conduct, and consequences. Cadets taking this course will be better prepared to understand change and continuity in modern warfare as they enter the profession of arms.
2027 2
2029 2
2031 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS398 2026-1 FUTURE WAR 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE While the violent, interactive, and fundamentally political nature of war remains unchanged, the character of war has evolved over time and the pace of change appears to be accelerating. Among various other responsibilities related to studying and directing war, military professionals prepare the institution for future challenges by analyzing current and emerging trends to discern how the character of war is changing and will continue to change. This course introduces cadets to the study of future war through rigorous analysis of various theories of future war, current and emerging trends in the international environment and the defense and security communities, and emerging technologies. **This course will be taught as a pilot in AY26-1 and AY27-1. It must be reviewed by the Curriculum Committee NLT AY27-2 to continue.**
2027 1
2028 1
2029 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS399 2026-1 INTERNSHIP IN WAR STUDIES 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE The Academic Individual Advanced Development (AIAD) program is designed to give cadets practical experience in their field of study and to reflect on their experiences by completing specified requirements. Current AIADs that cadets may potentially execute for credit include domestic and international staff rides and internships to areas of strategic relevance, though AIAD availability will vary by year. Instructors, students, and host agencies will develop a specific academic plan prior to executing the AIAD that will require either department or curriculum review depending on the nature of the trip. Students will normally complete specially assigned readings, a daily reflective journal based on their practical experiences and write a term paper that benefits the host organization or expands on the AIAD's purpose. The assigned instructor will provide feedback on student submissions and assign term grades accordingly.
2027 7
2028 7
2029 7
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS455 2026-1 COMPARATIVE DEFENSE POLICY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course's objective is to analyze the defense policies of various countries and the outcomes of those defense policies, to include national security objectives, national military objectives, military doctrine, force structure, and military capabilities. Countries studied will include actual and potential coalition partners and potential adversaries. Cadets will examine the political, economic, and social influences on each military establishment. Cultural influences on the development and implementation of the defense policies for countries studied will be examined, including the effects each country's culture has on the missions, structure, roles, and capabilities of the military. Cadets will develop their own framework of analysis to critically analyze the defense polices and cultures of other countries, and will be able to clearly articulate that analysis through written and oral means. Guest speakers include liaison officers and Foreign Area Officers to provide insight into the specific military establishments of those countries studied.
2026 8
2028 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS475 2026-1 FORECAST AND GAME IN DECISION 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course introduces cadets to the interdisciplinary nature of decision-making by addressing how leaders make decisions in situations of incomplete, conflicting, and incorrect information using forecasting, modeling, and gaming. The curriculum enables cadets to synthesize long-term developments and potential future scenarios through forecasting and trend analysis. It requires cadets to apply lessons in a series of complex, competitive games. Cadets will leave the class with a basic understanding of the complexities involved in strategic decision-making and methods to frame, understand, and address that complexity.
2028 2
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS485 2026-1 JOINT AND MULTINATIONAL OPS 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course provides a historical, theoretical, and practical understanding of the roles of sea, air, space, and cyber power, alliances, and coalitions in military strategy and national security policy. After establishing a strong theoretical and historical foundation in alliance warfare and conflict and competition within each of the domains, students apply their knowledge to assess the strategies of multiple state and non-state actors, and to make practical recommendations on the application of military power in a joint and multinational context during competition, crisis, and conflict.
2028 1
2028 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS489 2026-1 IND STUDY IN WAR STUDIES 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE The course provides an environment that is conducive to independent effort in a subject area of special interest to the cadet. Original research or specialized study can be accomplished in any of the many fields within War Studies. The course is conducted in three phases. First, the cadet and the individual advisor from the War Studies faculty will reach agreement on a subject area for research. Research methods will be studied under the direction of the faculty member. Research may involve field trips and personal interviews with experts in the area of study. In the second phase, the cadet will engage in independent research and prepare a draft analytical paper or report detailing the findings. During this period, frequent consultation with the faculty advisor occurs regarding the progress in the project. In the third phase, the cadet will present and define the findings before a faculty committee.
2028 1
2029 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS490 2026-1 SPECIAL TOPICS IN WAR STUDIES 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE The Special Topics Course provides cadets an opportunity for reading and analysis in depth within a topic area of special interest and timely relevance to War Studies. The course director will determine the approach dependent on the topic and enrollment. Courses will normally develop the cadet's understanding of the topic through study of theory, history, doctrine, and historical and contemporary case studies. A generous portion of the course will normally address modern complex problems related to the topic area and assignments will emphasize analytical writing. Topics will vary by semester.
2028 1
2029 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS495 2026-1 METHODS & CAPSTONE WAR STUDIES 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This is a research methods course designed to support the interdisciplinary nature of the research-based courses in the War Studies Program, WS496 Thesis in War Studies and WS497 Client-Based Capstone in War Studies. In this course, students will learn different research methodologies for the strategic studies field and develop effective writing skills in a seminar format. Partway through the semester students will choose an interdisciplinary research topic related to the War Studies field. The topic, approved by the Course Director, will either be as part of a student-selected thesis for WS496 or an assigned client-based project for WS497. Thesis students must also select faculty members from across the institution to serve as their thesis advisors as part of WS495. Student assignments include practical exercises, a research proposal, a literature review and a draft research methodology.
2028 1
2029 1
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS496 2026-1 THESIS IN WAR STUDIES 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE Thesis in War Studies is an integrative course in strategy designed to provide War Studies majors with practical experience in addressing real, complex and ambiguous strategic issues. Students will write and defend an interdisciplinary thesis that in some way relates to the military instrument of power or national security. Thesis cadets will continue the work they began with their faculty advisors in the fall by revising their literature review and research methodology, then complete data collection, data analysis, thesis writing and ultimately conduct an oral defense of their thesis before an interdisciplinary faculty board.
2028 2
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
WS497 2026-1 CLIENT-BASED CAPSTONE IN WS 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE Client-Based Capstone in War Studies is an integrative course in strategy designed to provide War Studies majors with practical experience in addressing real, complex and ambiguous strategic issues. Students will work in small groups to solve such a problem for an external client organization focusing on the use of the military instrument of power or national security strategy. Student groups will determine stakeholder needs, define the client's problem, and conduct appropriate research to develop a viable solution or set of recommendations. Groups will meet regularly with their client, complete a final written report and provide a formal presentation with an oral defense to the faculty. Alternatively, select students may work with an interdisciplinary team from another academic department's capstone course to contribute analysis from the strategic studies perspective to the group's project. Capstone cadets will continue the work they began with their faculty advisors in the fall by revising their literature review and research methodology, then complete data collection, data analysis, final report writing and ultimately conduct an oral defense of their work before an interdisciplinary faculty board.
2028 2
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
XH405 2026-1 THE HOLOCAUST AND ITS LEGACY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This is a multi-disciplinary course administered through the Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies. The Holocaust and its aftermath make enormous demands on us not just emotionally, but intellectually, requiring that we consider it from historical, military, psychological, philosophical, political, scientific, representational and legal perspectives. XH405 is a multi-disciplinary response to these challenges. The course will explore the causes, course, and consequences of the Holocaust, examining the processes that led to the Nazi genocide against the Jews, with a particular focus on the role of the military. It will examine the Holocaust from a variety of perspectives (perpetrators, victims, bystanders, resisters and rescuers), and consider the moral and ethical choices made by members of each group. The course will require an in-depth understanding of German and European history, and it will impart an appreciation for the cultures and mentalities of the interwar and wartime era. The course will utilize primary sources, films, documentaries, testimonies, and propaganda. It will conclude with consideration of the political and legal responses to the Holocaust in the later 1940s, and the later incorporation of the Holocaust into the global public consciousness.
2026 2
2027 2
2028 2
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
XH415 2026-1 GENOCIDE AND MASS ATROCITY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This is a multi-disciplinary course administered through the Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies. It is a multi-disciplinary attempt to understand the dynamics which produce mass atrocity. Cadets will learn of the causes, course, and consequences of selected genocides, examining the processes that led to genocide, with a particular focus on the roles played by militaries. The course opens with the intellectual theories about the phenomena of ethnic cleansing and genocide. It will then move to the analysis of how ethnic cleansing and genocide are tied to conflict and militaries. Drawing from a variety of scholarly disciplines and methodologies, cadets will investigate the moral, legal, historical, and diplomatic problems these terms pose. For the remainder of the course, cadets will examine more directly the case studies of specific incidences of ethnic cleansing and genocide. These case studies will vary year-to-year, but they will include at least two examples of ethnic cleansing or genocide on the American frontier, in German Southwest Africa, the Ottoman Empire, the Soviet Union, Rwanda, Cambodia, Yugoslavia, China and in Europe. Cadets will study primary sources, films, documentaries, testimonies, and propaganda. All iterations of the course will consider the development of Western mass politics and the emergence of racial nationalism and new imperialism in late 19th century Europe.
2027 1
2028 1
2029 2
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
XH491 2026-1 INTERDISCIPLINARY CAPSTNE-HIST 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE This course is for history majors participating in special interdisciplinary capstone projects. The projects may involve one or more academic departments outside of the History Department. Interdisciplinary Capstone Projects must be approved by the History Department Head.

No Course Offerings
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
ZH315 2026-1 MODERN REGIONAL HISTORY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE For Cadets attending foreign military academies or other academic institutions. Cadets will attend classroom instruction and produce a historical research paper to be presented upon return to USMA. Instruction may be in English or foreign language. This class serves as the equivalent to a foreign course covering modern historical developments of the area/region where the cadet is studying. This course covers broad historical processes and developments of the region over a long period of time. The course effectively encompasses a recognized historical era, for example "Modern", "Early Modern", or "Ancient".
2026 8
2026 9
2027 8
2027 9
2028 8
2028 9
2029 8
2029 9
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
ZH325 2026-1 TOPICS IN REGIONAL HISTORY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE For Cadets attending foreign military academies or other academic institutions. Cadets will attend classroom instruction and produce written historical submissions to be presented upon return to USMA. Instruction may be in English or foreign language. This class serves as the equivalent to a foreign course covering special topics in the area/region where the cadet is studying. Topics include (but are not limited to) specifics eras of history; cultural & ethnic aspects of history; art & literary history; and other scientific & technical history topics.
2026 8
2026 9
2027 8
2027 9
2028 8
2028 9
2029 8
2029 9
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
ZH335 2026-1 MILITARY HISTORY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE For Cadets attending foreign military academies or other academic institutions. Cadets will attend classroom instruction and produce a historical research paper to be presented upon return to USMA. Instruction may be in English or foreign language. This class serves as the equivalent to a foreign course covering modern military history developments of the area/region where the cadet is studying.
2026 8
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
ZH345 2026-1 TOPICS IN MILITARY HISTORY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE For Cadets attending foreign military academies or other academic institutions. Cadets will attend classroom instruction and produce a historical research paper to be presented upon return to USMA. Instruction may be in English or foreign language. This class serves as the equivalent to a foreign course covering special military history topics in the area/region where the cadet is studying. Topics include (but are not limited to) specific wars & campaigns; types of war (insurgency, air, naval, ect.); as well as other courses that incorporate military history with aspects of social science or military science.
2026 8
2027 8
2027 9
2028 8
2028 9
2029 8
2029 9
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
ZH355 2026-1 FOREIGN PERSPECTIVES 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE For Cadets attending foreign military academies or other academic institutions. Cadets will attend classroom instruction and produce a historical research paper to be presented upon return to USMA. Instruction may be in English or foreign language. This class serves as the equivalent to a foreign course covering any aspect of United States History or Western Civilization from the perspective of the nation/region where the cadet is studying.
2026 8
2026 9
2027 8
2027 9
2028 8
2028 9
2029 8
2029 9
COURSE TITLE CREDIT HOURS
ZH365 2026-1 POLITICS AND DIPLOMACY 3.0
(BS=0.0, ET=0.0, MA=0.0)
Scope Offerings
SCOPE For Cadets attending foreign military academies or other academic institutions. Cadets will attend classroom instruction and produce a historical research paper to be presented upon return to USMA. Instruction may be in English or foreign language. This class serves as the equivalent to a foreign course covering special political and diplomatic history topics in the area/region where the cadet is studying. Topics include internal political development and/or international relations and diplomatic history.
2026 8
2026 9
2027 8
2027 9
2028 8
2028 9
2029 8
2029 9